My essay focus on the overly debated negative effects of drinking coffee. Most of it coming from the negative effects of caffeine. However, we must recognize the that coffee is not 100% caffeine. As such, deducing the effect of coffee based on caffeine is a very unjust. i shall be providing concrete discussion details in my next posting!!!
Coffee content
Coffee contains a variety of bioactive compounds including caffeine and other purine derivatives, polyphenolics including chlorogenic acid derivatives and its degration product caffeic acid, maillard reaction products and specific diterpenes such as cafestol and kahweik ( C + K)
Do realize that coffee is available in a variety of different types throughout the word, in terms of brewing methods and caffeine content; even within the same country, methods of preparation and drinking preferences different significantly.
Experimental type
Cohort studies - A cohort study or panel study is a form of longitudinal study (a type of observational study) used in medicine, econometrics, actuarial science and ecology. It is an analysis of risk factors and follows a group of people who do not have the disease, and uses correlations to determine the absolute risk of subject contraction. It is one type of clinical study design and should be compared with a cross-sectional study.
Case-controlled studies - In a case-control study, people with a disease (often, a specific diagnosis, perhaps lung cancer) are matched with people who do not have the disease (the 'controls') Further data is then collected on those individuals and the groups are compared to find out if other characteristics (perhaps a history of smoking) are also different between the two groups.
Cross-sectional data - Cross-sectional data refers to data collected by observing many subjects (such as individuals, firms or countries/regions) at the same point of time, or without regard to differences in time. Analysis of cross-sectional data usually consists of comparing the differences among the subjects
Acute effects - Effects that persist in a biologic system for only a short time, generally less than a week. The effects might range from behavioral or color changes to death
Why inappropriate statistical analysis?
( lack of adjustment for possible confounder) - In statistics, a confounding variable (also confounding factor, lurking variable, a confound, or confounder) is an extraneous variable in a statistical model that correlates (positively or negatively) with both the dependent variable and the independent variable. The methodologies of scientific studies therefore need to control for these factors to avoid a type 1 error; an erroneous 'false positive' conclusion that the dependent variable are in a causal relationship with the independent variable.
Prospective vs Retrospective studies - A prospective study watches for outcomes, such as the development of a disease, during the study period and relates this to other factors such as suspected risk or protection factor(s). The study usually involves taking a cohort of subjects and watching them over a long period. A retrospective study looks backwards and examines exposures to suspected risk or protection factors in relation to an outcome that is established at the start of the study.
Molecular study Vs Epidemiological study
The dose-response relationship - or exposure-response relationship, describes the change in effect on an organism caused by differing levels of exposure (or doses) to a stressor (usually a chemical) after a certain exposure time. Studying dose response, and developing dose response models, is central to determining "safe" and "hazardous" levels and dosages for drugs, potential pollutants, and other substances to which humans or other organisms are exposed. These conclusions are often the basis for public policy.
Discussion
Examine the association between habitual coffee consumption and risk of chronic heart diseases
Assessing pharmaco-physiological effects, general toxicity, effect on reproduction and prenatal toxicity, genotoxity and carcinogenicity of coffee.
Examine the relationship between liver cancer and coffee
Examine some effects of cancer Vs coffee drinking
Sounds good although I do not even drink coffee. I think it is really useful that you opened up the discussion about the different experimental methods also. Just not too sure if you will have enough space to talk about all the different areas.
ReplyDeleteu seem to have a lot to discuss....but are you going to blame coffee or caffeine for all those diseases?
ReplyDeleteyours looks very rigorous! will there be enough space to discuss all that?
ReplyDeletewiki says coffee reduces risk of Alzheimer's disease and Dementia(link to joycelyn's topic!).
ReplyDelete